i^alliba, Janes, 

i^arrative of tiie "battle of ^rovmstown. . . 



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THE LIBRARY* 1789 




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1 Col. Uriiirii llrKiinent. 2d Rog't of .Smitli's Brigade. 9 StuU's ami 1 i 

2 Sailors and iMuriiics. C Major Totcr's Hattery. 10 Stansbiiry'ii 

3 Uampy'it Battery. 7 Major AVnring's Battalion. Uogiment. 

1 1«i Ri-R't of .Sm'ith'H Brlprndp. R r.t.-col. Scott'sRftg't Ropulnrs. 11 .'^tansbiiry'B 




;dson'sComp's. V2 5th Reg' t Baltimore Volunteeiv. 10 2Conip's Jlilitia andl of RifleF. 

5ade — Ragaa's 13 Capt. Burch's Artillery. 17 The Baltimore Artillery. 

[Regiment. 14 The Cavalry. IS Major Pinkney's Riflernen. 

^ade — Shutz's 15 Capt. Doiighty's Company. 1.1 I,ient.-nol. Kramer's Battalin?i. 



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10143 1 

LIBRARY 

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NARRATIVE 



OF 



rHE BATTLE OF BROWNSTOW.N. 



WHICH WAS FOUGHT ON THE 9tl. OF AUQUS^ 1812, DURIN-Q TIIF. OAAI 

PAIRN OF THE NORTH WESTERN ARMV UNDER THE COAIMAKD OF 

BRIGADIER GENERAL HULL. 



BY JAMES DALLIBA, 

MAJOR OF ORDNANCE UNITED STATES ARMV, 



NEW-YORK. 

PUBLISHED BY DATID LON'GWOUTH, 

At the Shakspeare-Gallery, 
11 Park. 



.foSEPH DKSNOUKS, printer No. 7 Murray-st. 

■ ♦ 

1816. 



P K E F A C E. 

The object of publishing the following narrative is not 
to gain fame as a writer, nor to emblazon to the public the 
deeds of those who were actors in the scene. The first I 
have no claim to, and the second I do not desire. 

One object is to relate a simple story of facts which are 
not generally known, and which, I think, cannot biit be in- 
teresting to those who take the trouble to read it. But 
the principal object is to give the historian all opportunity 
of selecting such parts of it as he may think proper. 

I have often conversed with gentlemen of intelligence 
on the subject of the campaign of the North Western Army 
under the command of General Hull, in 1S12, who appear- 
ed to possess but very little correct information relative to 
the transactions of that army. I am desirous that some 
one, more able, who possesses the necessary information 
should give a correct and detailed history of that campaign. 
The following narrative relates to one event, only, the 
particulars of which have never before been published. 

So little was said about it at the time, that' the impression 
on the public mind, that such an event ever occurred, is 
nearly lost. The distance of the scene from the populous 
parts of the country, and the interruption to them, by the 
enemy, confined the intelligence of the engagement to the 
army, and to the few inhabitants of the territory of Mi- 
chigan, until it was brought out by the paroUed prisoners 
of war, after the fatal surrender of the army and of the 
territory, to the enemy, by general Hull. 



fl i'UEFACfc. 

The little spark of intelligence, thougli brilliant, was thetf 
so completely enveloped in the general darkness that per- 
vaded the United States, that it shone but faintly, and the 
impressions it made on the minds of the people werf 
superficial 



A NARRATIVE 
OF THE BATTLE OF BROWNSTOWN, 

&c. 



ON or about the 3d of Auoust 1812, Briga- 
dier General William Hull received a letter 
fiom captain Brush of the Ohio volunteers, in- 
forming him that he had arrived at the River Rai- 
sin, 36 miles from Detroit, with a detachment of 
200 men, as a convoy to a quantity of provisions 
brought from Ohio for the army ; that as he had 
to pass through about 20 miles of woods, and the 
road leading through Brownstown, 6 miles from 
Fort Maiden, or Amherstburgh, was the only 
one he could travel, he thought it advisable to 
halt the convoy and wait for a detachment from 
the army at Detroit to. re-inforce him, before be 
attempted to reach that place : that it was pro- 
bable the enemy had obtained infor-nation of his 

4,' 

a})proach, and would endeavor to intercept him 
at or near Brownstown, with a body of indians, 
to cut otf the escort and capture the provisions. 
On receiving this information, the General dis- 
patched Major Van Horn of the Ohio volunteers, 
with about 200 men of that corps, principally 
riflemen, to meet captain Brush at the River Rai- 
sift. This detadiuieut was con&idered insuffici- 



\ 



ent, by the principal officers of the army, and 
that opinion was expressed to the (ieneial, but he 
persisted in his own, and the detachment was or^ 
dered to march. 

On the morning of the fourth, the troops cros- 
sed the River Detroit, from Sandwich, where the 
army then lay, and about 2 o'clock p. m. moved 
for the River Raisin. On the .Oth, about 10 o'clock 
A. M. the detachment were attacked at AIa!j;uaga, 
near Browi«town, by a body of indians, who had 
been sent from Maiden for that purpose. The 
town and fort of Maiden are situated in upper 
Canada on the River Detroit, and near its en- 
trance into Lake Erie. Brownstown, a large In- 
dian village, lies opposite to Maiden on the amer- 
ican shore of the River in the territory of Mi- 
chigan, and 20 miles below the town of Detroit. 
The River, at its mouth is about 6 miles wide, 
and contains several Islands ; some of which ex- 
tend from 6 to 10 miles up the River, and di- 
vide it into several channels, all of which are 
navigable for boats, but that which lies conti- 
iTuous to the town and fort of Maiden, and be- 
tween them and the Isle au Bois Blanc or 
White-wood island, and about 300 yards wide, 
is the only one which is navigable for shipping. 
These islands are mostly covered with a thick 
and heavy wood. The indians were concealed 
so as not to be seen. The yells and firing were 
heard, and the effect of the balls severely felt; 
but as a single enemy could not be discovered, 
the return fire was of no use. In this situation 
the detachment, composed of militia volunteers. 



9 

and unaf customed to war, could not loner be Icep^ 
in order. They at first fell back by order, to take 
a new position, but soon began to fall out an<l to 
retreat by squads, and all attempts to form them 
acjain proved inefl'ectual. They were, however, 
mostly collected on their return, and marched in- 
to Detroit in the evening of the 5th of August, 
about dusk. 

In this unhappy affair, several valuable citizens 
of h io fell on the field of action; among whom 
were captains M'Cullock, Bostler and Gilchrist: 
and several, more unfortunate than they, fell into 
the hands of the enemy, and were made the sport 
of savage cruelty. They were led to the field 
selected for the spot on which the fatal altar was 
erected. They were there surrounded by the 
horrid tribes who engaged in the ceremonial rites 
of dancing, yelling and hissing during each in- 
terval of death by the tomahawk and scalping 
knife: and after tortures seemed ineffectual, they 
were offered up a sacrifice to the mercies of the 
British Throne.* Major Yan Home had his 
liorse shot under him. He conducted during the 
whole affair in a manner highly honorable to 
him-clf; and under other circumstances, that 
Tvould have proved reputable to the American 
Arms. 

The CO mmunication with the river Raisin, and 

^This Tragical Scene is not imaginary. The particulars as here 
desrribe<l, were given to the nriter of this, narrative a few iverk"? af- 
terwards while a prisoner at Maldeti, by ao oflacer of the enemy, who 
«onfefi«e<i that he stood in the circle and witnfssed the wholej iiavai^ 
served in the actioQ io the dress and roloi oi a savage, 

JB 



10 

cunsof|iicnllv with ihe slate of Ohio, was now 
completely biocked up, and the advance of cap- 
tain Brush impossible. General HuJI now saw 
it necessary to turn liis serious attention to that 
point; and to send a force to open this communi- 
cation which was fully competent to the task, 
both to enable the supplies to pass unmolested 
and to counteract the imfavcrable impressions 
made on the minds of the troops by the defeat of 
Major Van Home. 

He accordingly detached from the army a 
part of the regular troops, tlie JMichigan legion 
and some riflemen, and dragoons of the Ohio 
volunteers, making in the whole about 600 men 
under the connuand of lieutenant colonel James 
IMiller, of the 41h regiment U. S. Infantry, for 
this object. 

'J'he 4th regiment, except one company left at 
Sandwich to garrison a small fort built by order 
of General Hull. A ?mall detachnient of the 
Jst Infantry, and a small number of Artillerists 
fiom Ca|)tain Dyson's company stationed in fort 
Detroit, foimedthe regulai troops of the detach- 
ment, amounting to about 300 in number. The 
Michigan legion consisted of about 60 men 
mostly native Frenchmen of that territory, com- 
manded l)y Captain De Cant. The cavalry con- 
sisted of about 40 dragoons and mounted spies, 
commanded by Captain ^loan of the corps of vo- 
lunteer cavalry. 1 he riflemen amounted to »- 
l^out 200, commanded by Major Morrison of the 
Oiiio volurdeers, making the 600 men. 

Colonel Miller obtained permission from Gen- 



u 

eral Hull to take two field pieces wilh the de- 
tachment, one (5 pounder and one T)^ inch how- 
itzer with their appendages and ammunition. 
Tlie first was manned by a squad of artillerists 
from Captain Dyson's compaiiy (ietached from 
fort Detroit, and commanded by Lieutenant Jo- 
nathan Eastman ; that corps and the second was 
manned by a squad picked from the first Infantry 
(the General refusing to detach from the 1st any 
more Artillerists,) and was placed under the 
command of Lieutenant James Dalliba, of the 
regiment of Artillerists, then serving as master 
of Ordnance to General HulFs Army. Captain 
Brevoort of the 2d U. S. Infantry then command- 
ing the transports on the lakes, and Captain 
Abraham P. Hull, of the 13th Infantry, son and 
aid to the general, volunteiered their services as 
Aids de Camp to Colonel Miller. Lieutenant 
John L. Eastman, Adjutant of the 4th Infantry, 
served as Brigade Major. Captain Maxwell of 
the Ohio volunteers, a revolutionary officer, and 
who had served in the Indian wars under General 
Wayne and others, was chosen to lead the spies, 
to reconnoitre the country a head of the detach- 
ment, and point out the route of march : he was 
assisted by several volunteer citizens from De- 
troit, well acquainted with the country. 

The detachment having drawn two days pro- 
visions, being organized, and every thing pre- 
pared for the march, was paraded in line in order 
of march as to the station of corps in the main 
street in the town of Detroit on the 8th of Au- 
gust, 1812, at 5 ©'clock P, M. Colonel Miller 



12 

then rode to IIip centre and in front of the line 
and addressed the troops in the following words; 
" Soldiers, we are going to meet the enemy, and 
to beat them ! The reverses of the 5th must be 
repaired ! The hlof)d of your Brethren spilt by 
savage liands on that day must be avenged by 
their chastisement, and by the chastisement of the 
enemy who employs them, more savage tlian 
they ! I shall lead you — I trust tliat no man will 
disgrace himself or me — Every man who is seen 
to leave the ranks, to give way or fall back, 
without orders, shall be instantly put to death. 
The officers are hereby charged with the execu- 
tion of this order. My brave Soldiers ! you have 
once faced the enemy in a hard conflict and beat- 
en them, and gained Glory to yourselves and 
Honor to your country! Let this opportunity be 
impioved to add another Victory to that of Tip- 
pacanocy and new glory to that which you gain- 
ed on the^ IVahash. Soldiers, if there are any 
now in the' ranks of this detachment who are 
Qfi aid to meet the enemy, they are now permit- 
ted to fall out and stay behind — " At which, the 
words "I'll not Stay" ran through the ranks, and 
a "huzza" was started and three cheers given by 
the troops and surrounding spectators. 

After which the line was ivheeled by sections 
to the right into open column, when Colonel 
IVldler took liis position at the head, and order- 
ed the detachment to march. The w^hole moved 
off in order and in high spirits, and discovered 
^those ardent feelings to meet the conflict which 
inspiied a full confidence in the remaining army 



13 

and anxious citizens, that they would be kuc- 

The head of Ihe column arrived at the river 
Kouaje, six miles from Detroit, about sun set. 
There being no bridge, and the water very deep, 
the detachments were conveyed over in scows ; 
there being but two provided, which would not 
carry more than 50 men each, it was 10 o'clock 
at night before the troops, artillery, horses and 
waggons, were all crossed over. The weather 
being somewhat rainy and very dark, it was de- 
termined to enramp there for the night. The 
guards and picquets having been stationed, and 
every arrangement completed for the security of 
the camp. The men were permitted to lie down 
upon their arms and rest till day light. The 
tents and all other dispensible baggage was left 
at Detroit. The troops had no other covering 
than some rails which they took from the fences, 
to screen them from the weather. Cooks of mes- 
ses were directed to cook the provisions during 
the night so as to be ready to march at day break. 
Accordingly the troops were paraded and every 
thing prepared to move in that order which ap- 
peared the best calculated to receive or make 
an attack when and wherever the enemy might 
be niet. The following is the order in which 
the troops marched : Captain Maxwell with his 
mounted spies went a head of the van guard, at 
such distance as he judged prudent. An ad- 
vance guard under Captain Snelling of the fourth 
Infantry, of 40 men of his company marched in 
line 9f single rank, 200 yardi in advance of, and 



14 

covering liic li^ads of the cohunns. The uiusj- 
quetry was formed in two columns of single 
flies, the regulars in front, and marched by files. 
by the right of columns. One column on each 
side of the road at 200 yards distance from eacli 
other. One commanded by Major Morrison and 
the other by Major Van Home of the Ohio vo- 
lunteers. The Cavalry under Captain Sloan, 
marched in the road, in column of double files by 
the right of column. The head of this column 
kept in line with the heads of the columns of 
musquetry on the right and left. Flank guards 
vrere formed of riflemen and marched by single 
files, headed by the officer commanding each, 
parallel with the column of musquetry and at the 
distance of 80 yards from them. A rear guard 
marched at the distance of 50 yards in the rear 
of the foot of, and covering the columns of mus- 
quetry. The artillery moved in the road, in rear 
of the cavalry, and opposite the centre of the co- 
lumns of musquetry, followed by the ammuni- 
tion waggons, the waggons containing intrench- 
ment tools, hospital stores, medicine chests, &c. 
followed in succession. Colonel Miller marched 
at the head of the column of cavalry accompa- 
nied by his aids, in the road and in a line with 
Ihe heads of the columns of musquetry. 

He kept with him a drummer and a corporal. 
At intervals of from 15 to 20 minutes, the corpo- 
ral ordered the drummer to tap three times on 
the drmn: this was answered on the right and 
left by a drummer at the head of the columns of 
infantry placed there for that puipose. The ol> 
« 



IS 

ject of this airan^ement was to euable the co- 
lumns, when in tiie woods and out of sight of 
each other, to know their relative positions: that 
they miirht severally fjuicken or retard (heir 
maich, or oblique to the right or left, as their po- 
sition at the moment the drums were heard might 
require, so as to keep as nearly as possible, the 
same position as to each other they were placed 
in when the march was commenced : and, also, 
to enable the several guards to keep their proper 
position relative to the whole. 

The method of forming the line of battle from 
the order of march was as follows : 

In case an attack was made in front, the ad- 
vance guard was to stand till the columns of in- 
fantry and riflemen formed in lines and marched 
upon it. The two columns of infantry were to 
form two lines to the front ; the front division of 
each column were to form the first line, and the 
rear divisions the second line, which brought the 
regular troops into the first line. The two lines 
were to be formed respectively on the centres of 
the divisions of columns which were to compose 
them. If the first line should requije extending 
the right and left divisions of the second line were 
to advance and form respectively on the right 
and left flanks of the first line. If the first line 
should not require extending, the second line 
was to form a corps of reserve\ The right and 
left flank guards were to form respectively on 
the right and left flanks of the front line. The 
artillery and cavalry were to move to that point 



IG 

by order of the commander in chief, which he 
sfioiild tliink proper to direct. The rear guard 
was to protect the waggons and stores. If an at- 
tack should be made in rear, the columns were 
to form lines to the rear, and march upon the 
rear guard as upon the front and so of other 
corps. If an attack should be made on either 
flanks the whole were to halt and the columns 
face to the enemy ; and by so facing they would 
already be formed in two lines; and the other 
corps would form as before directed. 

In this order the detachment marched from 
the encampment near the river Rouge on the 
morning of the 9th. They proceeded through 
the White Settlement, which was about five 
miles, and entered the woods. The country 
from the river Rouge to Brownstown is general- 
ly flat, and lies but a little above the surface of 
the river Detroit. Indian huts and fields ai'e in- 
terspersed through the woods : at that time the 
fields were covered with corn, which was grown 
to 7 and 8 feet high. The first w oods which the 
troops entered was about one mile and a half 
through. When the advance guard had arrived 
at the farther edge of this wood, the spies having 
Advanced into the Indian opening, were fired up- 
on by a party of about ten Indians, who were on 
horseback, and had concealed themselves behind 
the house of th^ celebrated chief, Walk-in-the 
water. The spies fell back : a citizen from De- 
troit who accompanied them was killed, and fell 
from his horse. The guard under captain Snel- 
ling advanced quickly towards the bouse, at sight 



17 

©f which, Ihe Indians fled without receivinof mucL 
injury from the fijuard, who fired upon them as 
they were uncovered by the house, bearing away 
as a trophy the citizen's scalp whom they had 
shot. The facility with which the scalp was ta- 
ken was astonishing. There appeared not to 
have been time for the Indian to have rta< bed 
the spot where the man fell, before the guard ar- 
rived upon the same spot, when the scalp had 
been taken off and the Indian fled. When the 
tiring was heard by the columns, the order \^as 
given by colonel Miller to "form the line of bat- 
tle," which soon ran through the detachment, and 
was executed promptly , but as the Indians had 
jfled the firing ceased, and all was silent for a few 
moments. The spies were again ?ient forward, 
but soon returned, and reported that no enemy 
could be discovered. The troops were again 
formed in the order of march and moved f -r- 
ward as before. The firnmess with which colo- 
nel Vliller conducted during this alarm, and his 
presence of mind, gave the army fresh courage, 
and increased their confidence in their command- 
er : as also, the promptness and order with whit h 
the line of battle was formed, gave him recipro- 
cal confidence in his troops ; for every one be- 
lieved that the enemy had met them in force. 
This happened about 9 o'clock A. M. The 
march was continued imtill 12 without much fur- 
ther interruption. Some flying Indians were dis- 
covered now and then, who had been sent out by 
the enemy to watch the movements of the Ainc-^ 



J8 

iicari8, and to t^ive information of their aj)proacLi 
towards Jirovvnstown ; where the enemy as ap- 
peared afterwards, then lay in ambush to receive 
them. He had crossed over from Maiden and 
taken that position on the night of the 7th, the 
same time the American detachment crossed 
from Sandwich to Detroit ; which clearly proved 
that he had intelligence of the movement and 
object of colonel Miller: For all the Indians and 
their Allies had recrossed to Maiden after the 
defeat of major Van Home, to celebrate the vic- 
tory and present the American scalps to the 
commanding officer of that fort. 

The position which the enemy had chosen lay 
in an open oak wood, just at the declivity of a 
rising ground, over which the Americans had to 
pass. He had thrown up breastworks of trees, 
logs, &LC. behind which he lay concealed in force 
and in order of battle. His works were thrown 
up in form of a courtine with two flanks. The 
line of the courtine lay across the road and per- 
p'^ndicularly to it. The flanks formed an angle 
with the courtine of about 120. The courtine 
was lined with Britisli regular troops, two deep, 
of the 41st regiment of foot, under the command 
ol maj<ir Muer, of that regiment, who had long 
been in command at Maiden. The flank of the 
courtine on the enemy's right, and American left, 
was lined with Canadian militia and Indians, 
commanded by Walk-in-the-Water and Marpot# 
Tills line was flanked by the river Detroit. 
Most of the militia were dressed and painted like 
their " Brethren in Arms," tho savages. The 



19 

left flank of the courline was lined entirely by 
savages, under the command of the celehrated 
Indian warrior Tecumseh, of the Shawanoese 
nation. The number of the British regulars and 
militia amounted to about 300: about 200 regu- 
lars. The Indians amounted to 450 ; making the 
enemy's force about 750 men. 

The position and strength of the enemy were 
entirely unknown to colonel Miller and to the 
army, at this time. 

At 12 o'clock, meridian, the detachment ar- 
rived at a large opening which c<mtained 4 or 5 
Indian houses, gardens and orchards. The army 
halted to take some refreshment, and to bury the 
man who had been killed j where they lay about 
one hour. The village was deserted and nothing 
left in the houses of consequence. 

A little circumstance occurred here which is 
worth mentioning: On pulling up the floor of 
one of the houses, a canteen was found, whi< h 
was at once recognized as being the property of 
the 4th regiment, and the name of the owner was 
cut on one end of it ; viz. *' Jo/m Thompson, 4th 
Infantry U. -S." This man was killed at the battle 
of Tippacanoe, on the Wabash, in the preceding 
year, 1811; and was the first man shot in that 
engagement. Some uniform clothing of the 4th 
regiment was also found in the same place. The 
distance of this village from Tippacanoe is about 
250 miles. This circumstance shews the fact un- 
questionable, that the warriors of this tribe of 
Indians, the Wyandots, living on Detroit river, 
nnder the eye and patronage of the governor of 



SJO 

the territory, professing the strongest IViendsbip 
for the people and government of the United 
States, were engaged in the war against them, on 
the Wahash. This fact being admitted, it is 
pretty clearly proved that they were instigated 
aiid supplied with ammunition and other articles 
by the Brhish Agents at Maiden, their near 
neighbors ; as those articles were not furnished 
by the agents of the United States government; 
and that hatt'e took place eight months before 
the declaration of war between Great Britain and 
the United States. 

The march was again resumed at 1 o'clock, P. 
M. and continued without interruption. The 
troops marched over the ground on which major 
Van Home had been defeated four days before ; 
and passed the dead bodies of several of the slain, 
and some dead horses. The body of captain 
M'Cullock lay under an Indian Bark. The co. 
lumns having arrived at the oak woods near 
Brownstown, at half past three, some guns were 
heard a head by them. In a few seconds a vol- 
ley was heard from captain Snellings advance 
guard, and another instantly returned from a 
greater number of pieces. The troops, by this 
time completely awake, were ordered to halt. 
Colonel Miller rode towards the centre at full 
speed, halted, and with a firm voice, ordered the 
columns to " Form the line of Battle," which was 
executed with that order, promptness and zeal, 
which he had expected: after the first vollies the 
firing became incessant in front. Captain Snel- 
ling stood his ground tall the lines were formed 



2i 

and moved (o his relief. He stood within pistol 
shot of the enemy's breastworks, in a shower of 
balls from the resjular troops in his front, who 
shewed themselves after the first fire, and set up 
the [ndian yell. When the first line appeared 
before the breast-work, they received the fire of 
the whole front and a part of the flanks: at this 
instant colonel Miller discovered that the enemy 
outflanked him, when the second line and flank 
guards were brought upon the flanks of the front 
line, and extended to meet the whole line of the 
enemy. The savages, in unison with the British 
troops, setup a horrid yell, and a severe conflict 
ensued. The incessant firing in the centre ran 
diverging to the flanks : from the cracking of in- 
dividual pieces, it changed to alternate volliesj 
and at length to one continued sound : and, while 
every thing seemed hushed amidst the wavering 
roll, the discharge of the six pounder burst upon 
the ear. The Americans stood ! — At this in- 
stant colonel Miller was thrown from his horse 
which took fright at the discharge of the artil- 
lery ; he was supposed to be shot, those near 
him flew to his aid. The savages who saw him 
fall sprang over the breastwork to take his scalp, 
but were driven back. Colonel Miller instantly 
remounted and returned to continue his orders. 
The fire from the Indians, who were screened 
by their breast works, was deadly. The soldiers 
saw the advantage it gave them, and colonel 
Miller, throwing his eye along the line, discover- 
ed one or two edging to place themselves be- 
hind a tree. He saw the instant must be im- 



oo 



proved, iiiiil onleied '* Charge^' wliicii instantly 
ran through the line : the men whom he saw edg- 
ini;, with every other brought down their pieces 
antl struck up a huzza ! and changed it to a yell, 
more savage, if possible, than that of the enemy ; 
and marched directly into the breast works. The 
effect of the grape from the six pounder, and the 
approach of the bayonet caused the British line 
to yield, and then to break, and the troops (l&d in 
disorder! At nearly the same instant the Indians 
and militia on their right flank, being charged in 
their 'work by the Michigan legion, under cap- 
tain De Cant, and a part of the Ohio riflemen 
turning this flank by the river, fled in confusion. 
Tecumseh on tlie enemy's left flank s^tood longer, 
sofneof the Indians under his command, near the 
extremity of the line had jumped over the breast 
works, in the full assurance of victory : they were 
driven back by the point of the bayonet. Te- 
cumseh endeavored to outflank the American 
line and turn their right: but from the skill and 
gallantry of the oflScers, and firmness of the men 
on that flank, he was foiled in every attempt, and 
w^as finally forced to fall back and take new po- 
sitions, and fight on the retreat. The British 
and Indians on iheir right flank, fled directly 
down the river, and were pursued by colonel 
Miller with that part of his troops which had op- 
posed them ; and Tecumseh, with his Indians fled 
directly from the river, westwardly, into the wil- 
derness, and were pursued by that part of the 
troops which had nppotiod them, overtaking them 



23 

who were wouivlecl and otherwise unable to es- 
cape. 

After the Brillsli had retrealed about one 
mile, they came into an ojx^nir.g of about half a 
mile in diameter; here they endeavored to form 
a«jain, but on the precipitate approach of the 
Americans, they again broke and fled into the 
woods down the river. They were pursued to 
the ed2:e of these woods, when colonel Miller re- 
ceived information from major Van Home, whom 
he had left in command of the right flank, that 
Tecumseh had retreated westward iy, that he 
successively took new positions with his Indians, 
that they were still fighting, and that it was still 
doubtful how the conflict would finally termi- 
nate in that quarter. On receipt of this informa- 
tion, colonel Miller ordered the troops under his 
immediate command, to halt and form the line. 
He informed the officers that it would not do to 
pursue the enemy any farther until he had heard 
again from the right flank. That as Tecumseh 
had retreated in anoiher direction the army wag 
now divided, and the two divisions already out 
of hearing of each others musquetry. That if 
Tecumseh was likely to overpower that division, 
he must send back a reinforcement to their re- 
lief, or the Indians would otherwise immediately 
advance upon the field of battle and massacre the 
wounded, destroy the rear guard, and take the 
ammunition and stores; and finally fall upon his 
rear. Information was at length brought that 
Tecumseh had .finally fled, and thai the troops 



were returning to join that division as soon as 
possible. 

Colonel Miller immediately ordered the troops 
to march in further pursuit of the British. They 
entered the woods, and the cavalry moved ahead 
at full speed. When they arrived through these 
woods, which was about half a mile, they came 
upon the beach of Lake Erie, and discovered the 
enemy all in boats steering towards Maiden, and 
out of reach of their shot. They had concealed 
their boats at this point when they came over, for 
this purpose, if they should be defeated. This 
circumstance, however, could not have been 
known to colonel Miller before. He now or- 
dered the troops to return upon the field from 
whence they had last marched, which was done; 
and on their arrival they weYe joined by the 
other division which had returned from the pur- 
suit of Tecumseh and his Indians. 

The cause is now shewn, which has not been 
generally understood heretofore, wliy the British 
were not all captured, when they had been so 
totally defeated. 

The troop were then formed in line, fronting 
the field of battle ; when colonel Miller rode in 
front of the centre, and addressed them in the 
following words : 

" My brave fellows ! yoii have done well ! eve- 
ry man has done his duty. I give you my hear- 
ty thanks for your conduct on this day; you 
have gained my highest esteem ; you have gained 
fresh honor to yourselves and to the American 
Arms, your fellow soldiers in arms will love 



25 

you, and your country will reward you. You 
will return to the field of battle to collect tho^e 
who have <;rloriously fallen. Your fiiendly at- 
tentions to your wounded companions is requir- 
ed." After which, detachments were sent out 
with waofojons, to search the woods, and to col- 
lect all the wounded and dead, and to briiii^ 
them to the ground then occupied by the troops. 
After this was completed, all the Indian houses 
were prepared, amounting to 3 or 4, and the 
wounded moved into them, as it began to rain, 
and the surgeons were industriously employed 
with them during the whole night. The troops 
then encamped in order of battle, about dusk, 
on the bank of the river fronting the woods, 
forming three sides of a parallelogram, the river 
forming the other side. 

The time from the attack on the van guard to 
the time of forming the line on the Indian fields, 
after the pursuit was finally ended, was two and 
a half hours. During this sharp conflict the con- 
duct of each individual officer and soldier was so 
uniformly and strictly military that the com- 
mander was scarcely able to make distinctions in 
his brief and modest official report to general 
Hull. The physical powers of almost every 
man were called to action and severely tried. 
The names of some officers only, will be men>- 
tioned, whose conduct was, from concomitant 
circumstances, most deeply impressed on the 
mind of the writer. In doing this, however, he 
■wishes to be distinctly understood, that the con- 

D 



2G 

duct of many others was equally meiitorious. 
As he writes entirely from recollection, the im- 
possibility at this time of giving the names, and 
much more the actions of every individual will 
readily be conceived. Major Van Home who 
had the mortification to be defeated on nearly 
(he same ground on the 5th, had sought and ob- 
tained a command under colonel Miller. He 
behaved during tlie whole action in a gallant and 
soldierly manner. Major Morison of the Ohio 
volunteers, also obtained a command in the de- 
tachment, of whose meritorious conduct colonel 
Miller always spoke with the greatest warmth 
of feeling ; his horse was shot under him at near- 
ly the same time colonel Miller was dismounted, 
being at that moment near together. Lieute- 
nant .Johnson, of the Michigan Dragoons, (a 
small number of which corps formed a part of 
the cavalry) behaved in a most gallant manner — 
he had his horse shot under him. At the mo- 
ment the charge was ordered, being near colonel 
Miller, he discovered one of his men shrink from 
the attack, at which he presented his pistol to 
his breast and was on the point of blowing him 
through, when colonel Miller desired him not to 
kill him, as he considered the battle was going 
in their favor. Captain De Cant and his ensign 
M'Coinb of the Michigan legion, behaved in a 
manner which would have done honor to vete- 
rans, particularly when charging the Ipdians in 
their works on the river flank ; captain De Cant 
was the first man who jumped the breast work at 
that point, thereby encouraging his men to fol- 



27 

low him. Captain Brown, of Ihe Ohio volun- 
teers, who was on the flank opposed to Terum- 
ieh, with his company, fought hard and stubborn! 
his conduct was admired by colonel Miller — as 
was the conduct of all the volunteers, both offi- 
cers and men on thai flank. Captain Daniel Ba- 
ker, of the first regiment U. S. Infantry, had re- 
quested and obtained a command; he was on the 
flank opposed to the Indians under Tecumseh. 
His gallantry and the effect of his experience 
contributed greatly to the foiling of Tecumseh 
in his manoeuvering to turn that flank of the 
American line. He was shot through the thigh 
in the warmest part of the engagement, but did 
not quit his command till the enemy finally fled, 
nor the ground until the wounded were all 
brought off*. Lieutenant Eastman with the six 
pounder did good execution and contributed 
greatly to the defeat of the British troops. The 
fourth regiment behaved generally in that chi- 
valrous manner which ought to render the indi- 
viduals then composing it, the objects of their 
country's warmest affections and unceasing pa- 
tronage. 

These sentiments it is believed must be ac- 
knowledged by all those who are acquainted 
with their conduct, fatigues and hardships dur- 
ing this and the preceding campaign on the Wa- 
bash. They had been for eighteen months al- 
most continually traversing those wild regions 
of the north west, where perils and dangers a- 
waited them through every succeeding day and 
night, where they were necessarily deprived of 



28 

alinost all (he enjoyments and comforts of life, 
and during some portion of the time, of the ne- 
cessary means of subsistence. They had march- 
ed during successive weeks in mud and water, 
and during successive days without having 
dried their feet. Tliey had now fought during 
this time two of the Heverest battles that had 
ever been fought under the government of the 
United Stales, larger numbers had been engaged, 
but an equal number had never fought more 
desperate. These battles were as much more 
perilous than usual as the enemy were more ter- 
rible: capture was massacre, and defeat was an- 
nihilation. 

The conduct of colonel Miller, it is believed, 
will be correctly appreciated from the foregoing 
narrative of facts, by his countrymen. Enco- 
mium would be insipid. Captain Snelling, of 
the advance guard, behaved in that heroic man- 
ner that can never be excelled : of his command 
of forty men, more than twenty were killed and 
wounded. In the retreat of the enemy, he pursued 
on horsei)ack (the remnant of his guard falling 
into the line) bare headed, having lost his hat in 
the engagement. It is believed it was shot away. 
Captains Fuller and Burton ; lieutenants Peters, 
Hawkins, Way, Eastman, Ager, Peckham and 
Larabecof the fourth, all conducted in the most 
gallant manner; as also did captain Whistler, 
junior; lieutenant Stansbury, ensigns W'histler, 
M'Cabc, Cibley and Phillips of the first U. S. re- 
giment of infantry, who served in the fourth on 
that tour. 



29 / 

Lieutenant Peters was wounded in tlie early 
part of the engafirement, having been shot 
through the leg, the same and a little below that 
which had been shot through at the battle of 
Tippacanoe : ensign ^Yhistler was also wound- 
ed. Captain Brenvort, aid to colonel Miller, 
behaved with that cool and daring intrepidity 
which gained him the admiration of the army. 
Captain Hull was active and very useful in car- 
rvincT the orders of colonel Miller. Lieutenant 
Charles Larabee of the fourth, was also wound- 
ed; he was shot through the left arm a little be- 
low the shoulder, the bone of which was broken 
and split, and which was amputated a few days 
afterwards. On his falling to the rear, which he 
was persuaded to do, he found the officer and 
squad with the howitzer in difficulty. The po- 
sition of this piece on the march being in rear of 
the six pounder and its ammunition waggon, and 
considerably in the rear of the centre of the co- 
lumns, when the attack was made in front, it had 
•not ascended the rising ground on which the 
lin^^s formed. The enemy not being seen from 
that position, and their situation, and the nature 
of the attack being unknown ; the piece was un- 
limbered and prepared for action, and awaited 
the orders of the commander in chief, agreeably 
to his instructions. Orders soon came by an aid, 
captain Hull, to advance the piece to the front, 
in line with the infantry, in conseciuence of hav- 
ing to ascend the rising ground: the soil being 
soft and the road somewhat obstructed by logs 
and roots, it was necessary again to limber the 



30 

piece in order to advance it to its intended po- 
sition. At this moment, the horses being fright- 
ened by the firing^ grew frantic and unmanage- 
able, and in endeavoring to bring the limbers to 
the piece they were run^ against a tree and so 
twisted around it as to break them down. They 
were thrown aside, and an attempt made to ad- 
vance the piece to the front by the men with 
their drag ropes. In consequence of the ob- 
structions before mentioned, the men with all 
their exertions, were able to advance it but slow- 
ly up the rising ground, with the officer at the 
drag ropes. In this situation, tugging up the 
hill, lieutenant Larabee met them, when he saw 
their trouble, forgetting that he was hurt, he 
sprang to the piece, clinched the drag rope with 
his right hand, and with the greatest enthusiasm 
of feeling and language, he assisted in bringing 
the piece to the front with his left arm swinging 
from its shattered point, when he again returned 
to the rear. This misfortune of the howitzer 
deprived colonel Miller of its use during the, 
time the British troops stood their ground. It 
could not be brought in front of the line so a* 
to fire on the enemy, without injuring the Ame- 
ricans till the moment the enemy's line broke, 
as there was but ten men attached to it. That 
number being its compliment in action only, 
could not advance it under those circumstances 
in time. The conduct of the officer command- 
ing the piece, however, was applauded and his 
misfortune solaced by colonel Miller. Horses 
were then taken from a waggon and hitched to 



31 

the trail transom and the howitzer accompanied 
the troop in the pursuit of the enemy. In ttiis 
action eighteen Americans were killed and sixty 
three wounded, making in killed and wounded 
eighty one ; about one man in seven Who were 
engaged : not one man was captured. The loss 
of the enemy was ascertained to be, of Indians 
killed and wounded one hundred and two, more 
than one half of that number were left dead on 
the field, and believed to be from the best infor- 
mation, of whites, fifty eight, total one hundred 
and sixty : a few whites were taken prisoners. 
The British had brought over horses and sleds 
to carry off their killed and wounded and con- 
sequently they were mostly taken to Maiden. 
The writer believes the above stated number of 
killed and wounded of the white enemy to be 
too small, as he saw in the hospitals at Maiden, a 
few weeks afterwards, while a prisoner of war 
and on his way to Quebec, a great number of 
convalescent men : many had died : among whom 
were one or two officers of the forty first regi- 
ment. He also ascertained that major Muer. 
Tecumseh, Blue Jacket, and other commanders 
were wounded. 

Some time in the evening of the ninth captain 
Maxwell returned with his spies, having been 
sent forward to the village of Brownstown, and 
reported that the village was abandoned and that 
no enemy could be discovered. Early next 
morning August 10th, detachments were sent out 
by colonel Miller to scour the woods in search 
of one man who was ascertained to be still miss- 



32 

insj ; he was, houerer, found dead. While the 
men were ranging over the woods one of them 
was shot dead. A smoke of a piece was disco- 
vered at a distance rising from the ground by 
the party — they approached the spot and be- 
held an Indian lying on the ground wounded, 
and unable to stand — one arm and one h ff were 
broken — he had lain there during the night, by 
his piece which was loaded when he fell. The 
cool deliberation with which he died, proved the 
native fortitude of the savage, to meet death 
when resistance is useless. Unwilling to endure 
his pains longer, and die by degrees, he deter- 
mined to die by the hand of his enemies and to 
sell his life to them as dear as possible. He 
summoned together the little strength which re- 
mained, and so steadily levelled liis riile at the 
approaching American as to put the ball through 
his heart. He was dispatched in his turn. 

A singular occurrence happened also as to 
the death of an Indian who was killed the day 
before during the battle, and near the close of 
it : — An officer of the fourth regiment had ob- 
served two or three balls strike close to him and 
apparently from a quarter where no enemy 
could be discovered, he told one of his men to 
search for the Indian whom he supposed con- 
cealed, and on watching for the discharge he dis- 
covered it to be overhead — he looked into the 
top of a tree and saw an Indian loading his rifie, 
he took a position to fire at the savage, who dis- 
covered it and made ready to fire at the soldier, 
but the soldier being a little too quick for him. 



33 

put a ball throuorh him and he came tumbling 
down from the tree like a bear. 

The dead being all collected, on the tenth a- 
bout 10 o'clock A. M. were buried under an In- 
dian house in one grave, and the house burned 
down, to conceal from the savages the spot 
where thev lav. 

Captain Maxwell, who bad been sent out in 
the morning to the village and on the road to- 
wards the liver Rai^iin, returned with his spies 
and reported that the communication with the 
river Kaisin was now completely opened. He 
brought back with him some tanned A(nerican . 
scalps which he found in the village, which prov- 
ed that the Indians tied precipitately on hearing 
of the defeat of their aljies the day before, or 
they would have taken the scalps with them. 

Colonel Miller had dispatched captain Snelling, 
during the evening after the action, to Detroit, 
with a letter to general Hull, informing him of 
the battle, and required boats to be sent down 
immediately to take the wounded back to De- 
troit, and desired him to send down 150 or 200 
men to reinforce him if it was convenient ; as his 
detachment was so much reduced, that if the 
enemy should make his appeiirance again with 
teinfovcements, he might be overpowered. That 
he should remain and protect the wounded till 
the arrival of the boats. He further stated to 
general Hull, that as the detac hment had march" 
cd with but two days provision it would be all 
expended by the time the bo^ts would arrive? 

£ 



34 

That be wished Ihe general to send down two 
davs additional rations for the whole detarhriient 
hy the boats. That he was anxious to proceed, 
as the co>nmunication with the river Raisin was 
now opened. 

Bri'2;adier general M'Arthur (serving as colo- 
nel) of the Ohio volunteers, was dispatched from 
Detroit with the boats, and arrived at the en- 
campment about H o'clock, on the 10th. He 
brought no more men than he required to 
escort the boats back with the wounded, as 
the British shipping had taken a position at the 
head of the islands in the river Detroit, and 
might send out boats and attack the American 
bonts on their return. General M*Arthur 
brought not more than one half of a ration of 
provisions for each man of the detachment. This 
was immediately cooked and eaten at one meal, 
before general M'Arthur left the encampment. 
The wounded were all put on board the boats, 
and started for Detroit about 3 o'clock in the af- 
ternoon. It was now so late in the day that it 
was thought advisable not to commence the 
march for the river Raisin till next morning, ag 
they would not get through that night, and it 
would be dangerous to be attacked in the 
swamps in the dark : — In the mean time as the 
men had no provisions colonel Miller thought he 
could send to Detroit by express again and ob- 
tain provisions by the next morning. He ac- 
cordingly digpatched doctor Scott, of Detroit, 
who had volunteered as a spy to the detachment 
under captain Maxwell, with a new requisition 



35 

on general Hull for provisions, and informer) hin) 
of the arranojeinents. Doctor Hcott left the army 
about 4 o'clock P. M. on the 10th. 

The troops were then set to work to build a 
temporary breast-work for the better security of 
the camp, under the direction of lieutenant Dal- 
liba of the artillery, and major Trimble of the 
volunteers, who joined the detachment after the 
engas^ementj which was made of rails and stakes 
so eflTectual as to be proof ai^^inst nuisquetry. 
Huts were made for the men of rails and brush 
to secure them a little from the inclemency of 
the weather. It had rained during tht^ whole 
time from about 9 o'clock on the evening after 
the battle till this time, and still continued with 
increased severity. Both officers and men had 
lain, being very much fatigued, during the night 
before on the bare ground without shelter. 

On the morning of the 11th, the troops being 
extremely hungry, detachments were sent out in 
search of Indian's hogs, and to obtain whatever 
they could find that could be eaten. They re- 
turned without finding any thing except one or 
two shoats, and a little green corn, and a few po- 
tatoes, which was soon eaten up; and neither 
doctor Scott nor the provisions from Detioit, 
made their appearance. In this state of suspense 
the troops waited the whole day, expecting the 
arrival of the provisions every moment. About 
sun set doctor Scott returned and gave informa- 
tion that, on returning to the army by a back 
route, he had lost his way, and this was the rea- 
ison of his delay. He brought a rvritien order 



36 

from sreneral Hull to colonel Miller, to return to 
Detroit with the detachment as soon as possible 
— that provisions would be sent to meet him at 
the la>^t house of the white settlement, near the 
river Ecorce. 

On readinsf this unexpected order, colonel 
INIiller (apparently in sjreat distress) clasped his 
hands and exclaimed: "My God! what can this 
mean? what can be the cause of this unaccount- 
able transaction ?" 

At this time the enemy had brouofht a piece of 
artillery and placed it on an island at about one 
mile distant and were endeavoring to throw shot 
into the camp. 

Every thing being prepared for the return to 
Detroit, fires were reojularly built throughout 
the camp, the breastworks set on fire, and when 
every thing wore the appearance of repose for the 
night, the order was given to march ! The roadf 
were excessively muddy owing to the large 
quantity of rain which had fallen, and in many 
places through marshes and water courses, they 
were covered with water from one to two feet 
deep. The darkness of the night rendered it al- 
most impossible for the artillery and w^aggons to 
keep the road — tiiey were several times run fast 
against trees, and the howitzer having no limber, 
was drawn by the axle of the carriage and fol- 
lowed by tlie men at the trail hand spikes 
through all the mud and water. The march was 
so much retarded from the various causes, that 
the troops did not arrive at the white settleme'nt 
till 2 o'cieck on the luurning of the I2th, At 



37 

the place appointed, they joyfully met the provi- 
sions sent from Detroit by general Hull. A halt 
was ordered, encampment formed, provisions is- 
sued, cooked and eaten, and ihe men, nearly ex- 
hausted with hunger and fatigue, were permitted 
to repose till day light. 

The cheerfulness with which the men endured 
their ps ivations and sufferings was almost incre- 
dible. Their continued exposure to the lurking 
savage kept every individual anxious and Tigi- 
lent. The hearts of the little remaining army 
were cemented together by the desire of mutual 
protection, and by the ties of the strongest 
friendship. What but such scenes could unite 
in one object the interest of so many individu- 
als? What else could hush all the discordant 
passions of their hearts, and cause them to thrilT 
together, in perfect unison. 

At sun rise the march was resumed and at 12 
o'clock on the 12th of August the detachment 
re-entered the town of Detroit, covered with 
mud from foot to head, their clothes not having 
been dried in two and a half days. The sun 
now cheered them with its influence, they 
inarched through the street to the encampment, 
to the tune of the soldiers return, and closed 
with yankee doodle. They were met by their 
brother soldiers and citizens with all that sym- 
pathy and heart felt joy which constitutes the 
3gldiei''s reward for his hard earned victory. 

Fims. 



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